Yawancin Ma'abota Dabbobin Dabbobin Suna Ciyar da Dabbobinsu Abincin Dabbobin Kasuwanci.Domin Abincin Dabbobin Ciniki Yana da Fa'idodi na Cikakkun Abinci da Wadataccen Abinci, Cin Abinci Da Sauransu.Dangane da hanyoyin sarrafawa daban-daban da abun ciki na ruwa, Ana iya raba Abincin Dabbobi zuwa Abincin Dabbobin Busassun, Abincin Dabbobi mai ɗanɗano, da Abincin Dabbobin Gwangwani;Dangane da Rubutun, Ana iya Raba Abincin Dabbobi zuwa Abinci gauraye, Abincin Jika mai laushi, da Busassun Abinci.Wani lokaci yana da wahala a canza dabi'ar cin abinci na dabba, koda kuwa sabon abincin da ake bayarwa ga dabbar yana da daidaiton sinadirai kuma ya dace da bukatu.
Busashen Abincin Dabbobin Dabbobin Gabaɗaya Ya ƙunshi Ruwa 10% Zuwa 12%.Busasshen Abinci Har ila yau Ya haɗa da Abincin Foda, Abincin Granule, Abincin Ƙasa, Abincin Ƙaƙwalwa, Abincin da aka Fitar da Abincin Gasa, Daga cikin Wanda Yafi Kowa Kuma Yafi Shahararsa Ana Fitar da Abinci.Busasshen Abincin Dabbobin Dabbobin Dabbobi Ya ƙunshi Hatsi, Kayan Hatsi, Kayayyakin Soya, Kayan Dabbobi, Kayayyakin Dabbobi (Cikin Kayayyakin Madara), Fat, Vitamins Da Ma'adanai.Busasshen Abinci Yakan Fita.Cats Ba su da Turmi, Don haka Pellets Food Cats Dole ne a Siffata da Girma don Yanke Ta Incisor maimakon Nika da Molars, Kuma Tsarin Fitarwar Ya dace da Cimma Wannan Bukatu ta Musamman (Rokey Da Huber, 1994) (Nrc 2006).
Busashen Abinci
01: Ka'idar Fadada Extrusion
Tsarin Tuba shine a hada foda iri-iri bisa ga tsarin da aka ƙera, sannan a sha kwandishan na Steam, sannan a fitar da shi a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafin jiki da matsanancin matsin lamba bayan tsufa, sa'an nan kuma ya mutu a fitowar ɗakin extrusion ɗin nan da nan yana faduwa cikin zafi da matsa lamba, yana haifar da zafi. Barbasar Samfurin Don Faɗawa da sauri.Kuma Yanke Siffar Mai Girma Uku Da ake Bukata Ta Yankan.
Za'a iya Rarraba Tsarin Busassun Rushewa Da Rushewar Ruwa gwargwadon Yawan Ruwan da aka ƙara;A cewar Ka'idar Aiki, Za'a iya Raba shi zuwa Fitar Fitar da Iskar Gas.Fitowa da Bugawa Tsari ne na Na'urorin sanyaya da zafin jiki, Ci gaba da Fitar da Matsi, Rage Matsi na Farko, da Faɗawa girma.
A halin yanzu, Mafi yawan Abincin Kare da ake siyarwa a Kasuwa ana yin su ne ta hanyar fitar da iska da kuma fitar da su.A Extrusion da Puffing Tsari na iya sa sitaci a cikin Abinci Ya kai dacewar Babban Matsayin Gelatinization, Don haɓaka Digestibility na sitaci Ta Dabbobin Dabbobi (Mercier da Feillit, 1975) (Nrc 2006).
02: Tsarin Fitowa Da Bugawa
Hanyar Hannun Tsarin Fitowar Zamani Na Zamani Shine Yin Magance Foda Daban-daban Ta hanyar Ƙara Ruwa da Ruwa zuwa Haushi da Haushi, Don Abubuwan Ya Tausasa, Tauraron Naman Gelatinized, Kuma Protein shima Ya Denatured.A cikin Tsarin Samar da Abinci na Dabbobin Dabbobi, Naman Nama, Molasses Da Sauran Abubuwan A wasu lokuta ana ƙara su don Inganta Lafiya.
Conditioner Shine Kayayyakin Gyaran da Akafi Amfani da shi Don Samar da Ciyarwar Pellet.Tumatir Conditioning Shine Mafi Muhimman Fassara A Tsarin Pelleting, Kuma Adadin Tushen Da Aka Ƙara Ya danganta da Abin da ke Cikin Ruwan Ciyarwa da Nau'in Ciyarwa.Lokacin da ake sharadi, ana buƙatar kayan da tururin ruwa su sami isasshen lokacin zama a cikin kwandishan, ta yadda ruwan zai iya shiga cikin kayan gabaɗaya.Idan Lokaci Ya Yi Makikaci, Ruwan Ba Zai Iya Shiga Cikin Kayan Ba, Sai dai Ya Tsaya A Fannin Ruwan Kyauta.Ba Ya Da Kyau Ga Aiki Na Ci gaba.
Tumatir Conditioning Yana Da Yawan Fa'idodi:
①Rage Tashin hankali da Tsawaita Rayuwar Latsa Fim.Lokacin zafi, ruwan zai iya shiga cikin kayan, kuma za'a iya amfani da ruwan a matsayin mai mai don Rage ɓangarorin da ke tsakanin Material da Fim ɗin dannawa, Ta haka zai rage asarar fim ɗin dannawa da tsawaita rayuwar sabis.
② Haɓaka Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa.Idan abun ciki na danshi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa yayin extrusion, danko tsakanin kayan aikin daban-daban zai zama mara kyau, kuma Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa zai zama Talauci.Haɓaka Abubuwan Danshi na Iya Ƙara Mahimmanci Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Samar da Pellets, Kuma Lokacin da Tasirin Yayi Kyau, Za a iya Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Samar da 30%.
③ Rage Amfani da Wuta.Lokacin da Danshi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, yawan amfani da wutar lantarki da ke biyo baya da sauran hanyoyin yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana iya rage yawan ayyukan aiki idan aka samar da adadin abinci iri ɗaya bayan sanyaya kwandishan, ta yadda za a rage amfani da wutar lantarki.
④ Inganta Ingancin Barbashi.Sarrafa Adadin Turin Ruwa da Aka Ƙara bisa ga Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Ƙasa na Ƙasashen Duniya.
⑤ Inganta Tsaron Abinci.A Lokacin Tsarin Tushen Tumbura, Haɗaɗɗen Turi Mai Tsayi Zai Iya Kashe ƙwayoyin cuta Daban-daban waɗanda ke cikin Kayan Ciyarwa Daban-daban da Inganta Tsaron Abinci.
Ana Aiko Da Foda Daban-Bayan Bayan Kwandishan Kai tsaye Zuwa Wurin Extrusion Na Extruder, da ƙarin Steam, Ruwa, Wani lokaci kuma ana ƙara Hatsi maras kyau foda, Slurry nama, da dai sauransu.Gidan Extrusion shine Babban Sashe na Tsarin Fitar, Kuma Mafi yawan Ayyukan Gabaɗayan Tsarin Ana Kammala Ta Wannan Sashe.Yana Kunshi Screw, Sleeve Da Die etc. Wannan Bangaren Zai Tabbace Ko Mai Extruder Zai Zama Daya Ko Twin Screw, Idan Yana Da Rago Biyu Parallel Shift Zai zama Twin Screw Extruder, Idan Yana Da Daya To Zai zama Guda Daya. Extruder.Babban aikin wannan bangare shi ne hadawa da dahuwa, kuma ana iya cika shi da ruwa ko iskar gas gwargwadon halin da ake ciki.An Rarraba Gidan Extrusion zuwa Sashe na Ciyarwa, Sashe na Cakudawa da Sashe na dafa abinci.Bangaren Haɗe-haɗe Shine Ƙofar da Foda Mai Fushi Ya Shiga ɗakin Extrusion, Kuma Yawan Danyen Kayan Ya Yi Rahusa A Wannan Lokaci;Lokacin da Matsi na Ciki na Sashen Haɗaɗɗen Ya Karu, Yawan Danyen Kayan Suma yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma zafin jiki da matsin lamba a cikin sashin dafa abinci yana ƙaruwa sosai.Tsarin Kayan Kayan Kayan Abinci Ya Fara Canzawa.Tabarbarewar Tsakanin Foda Da Katangar Ganga, Screw, Da Foda Na Kara Girma, Kuma Ana Dafasu Fada Daban-daban Suna Balaga Karkashin Tasirin Haɗuwa Na Juyayi, Ƙarfi da Dumama.Zazzabi a cikin ɗakin Extrusion na iya Gelatinize Mafi yawan sitaci kuma ba ya aiki Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Wasu Masu Kera Abincin Dabbobin A halin yanzu Suna Ƙara Naman Nama zuwa Tsarin Fitar da Nama, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da Nama sabo a cikin girke-girke maimakon busasshen nama Shi kaɗai.Saboda Mafi Girman Abun Danshi Na Nama mara magani, Wannan yana ba da damar Ƙaruwa na Kayan Dabbobi a Haɗin Kayan Abinci.Haɓaka Abun Sabo Na Nama Aƙalla Yana Ba Mutane Ƙaunar Ji.
Tsarin Extrusion yana da fa'idodi da yawa:
①Maɗaukakin Zazzaɓi da Babban Matsi da aka haifar a cikin Tsarin Extrusion na iya bazuwa yadda ya kamata;
② Yana Iya Ƙara Mahimmanci Ƙarfafa Digiri na Sitaci.Akwai Shaida cewa Tsarin Extrusion na iya sanya Digiri na sitaci ya kai sama da 90%, don haka narkar da sitaci ta dabbobi shima yana inganta sosai;
③ Daban-daban sunadaran da ke cikin Raw Materials Ana Haƙuri Don Inganta Narkewar Sunadaran;
④ Kawar da Dabbobi Daban-daban na hana Gina Jiki a cikin Abubuwan Ciyarwa, Irin su Antitrypsin A Waken Suya.
Akwai Mutuwa A Lokacin Fitar Mai Fitar, Kuma Lokacin da Kayan da Aka Fitar Ya Wuce Ta Wutar, Ƙarfin Yana Faɗa Da Sauri Saboda Sautin Zazzaɓi da Matsi.Ta Canza Ramin Ramuka, Masu Kera Abincin Dabbobin Zasu Iya Samar da Abincin Dabbobin Cikin Haɗuwa da yawa Na Siffofin, Girma da Launuka.Wannan Ikon Haɗin Haƙiƙa yana da Mahimmanci sosai yayin da Kasuwa ke Haɗuwa, Amma Ba Da yawa Ba Zai Iya Canza Sharuɗɗan Haɗuwa da Dacewar Abincin Dabbobi.
Ana Yanke Samfurin Tushen Zuwa Gari Na Takaitaccen Tsawon Ta Mai Yankan Rotary.Ana Sanye Mai Yankan Tare da Wuta 1 Zuwa 6.Domin Daidaita Gudun Juyawansa, Mafiya yawan abin yankan Motoci ne kawai ke tuka shi.
Abun cikin Fat ɗin Abincin Dabbobin da aka Fitar da Busassun Ya bambanta Daga 6% Zuwa Fiye da 25%.Duk da haka, Maɗaukakin Abun Kitse da yawa ba za a iya ƙarawa ba a cikin Tsarin Extrusion, saboda yawan zafin jiki da matsanancin matsin lamba a cikin tsarin fitar da shi zai shafi fatty Acids mara kyau, kuma yana shafar fitar da abinci.Don haka, ana amfani da Hanyar fesa Kitse A Sama Bayan Bugawa Gabaɗaya Don Ƙara Kitsen Samfurin.Kitso Zafi Da Ake Fesa A Kan Fannin Abinci Mai Kumburi Yana Cikin Sauƙin Sha.Ana iya daidaita yawan allurar man fetur ta hanyar daidaita saurin samarwa da kuma saurin ƙara mai, amma wannan hanyar tana da haɗari ga manyan kurakurai.Kwanan nan, An Samar da Hanyar Sarrafa Mai Iya Daidaita Adadin Ƙarfafa Fat.Wannan Tsarin Ya Haɗa Tsarin Ka'idojin Sauri da Tsarin Matsalolin Injection Mai Ruwa, Kuskuren Sa Yana Cikin 10%.Idan ana fesa, ana so kitsen ya kai sama da kashi biyar cikin dari, in ba haka ba ba za a iya fesa shi ko da yaushe ba.Ya zama ruwan dare don Fesa Narkewar Protein Da/Ko Abubuwan Daɗaɗɗa A saman Abincin Dabbobin Dabbobin Don Haɓaka Karɓar Dabbobin Abinci (Corbin, 2000) (Nrc2006).
Bayan An Kammala Fitar Da Fitar, Ana Bukatar Busassu Don Cire Tushen Da Ruwan Da Aka Yiwa A Lokacin Fitar.Gabaɗaya, Danshi a cikin Abinci na iya kaiwa 22% zuwa 28% yayin sarrafawa, kuma bayan sarrafawa, yana buƙatar bushe don sanya danshi ya kai 10% zuwa 12% don dacewa da rayuwar samfurin.Ana Kammala Tsarin bushewa Gabaɗaya Ta Na'urar bushewa mai Ci gaba da Na'urar sanyaya dabam ko Haɗin bushewa da sanyaya.Ba tare da bushewa da kyau ba, Abincin Dabbobin Dabbobin da aka fitar na iya yin muni, Tare da Furancin ƙwayoyin cuta da Ci gaban Fungal A Matsayin Maɗaukaki.Galibin wadannan Kwayoyin cuta na iya sanya Cats da Karnuka marasa lafiya, Misali, ko da kadan daga cikin gubar da ake samu da Mold a cikin jakar Abincin Kare na iya shafar Kare.Ma'aunin Ruwan da Aka Yi Amfani da shi na Adadin Ruwan Kyauta a cikin Abincin Dabbobi shine Ma'anar Ayyukan Ruwa, Wanda Aka Fayyace A Matsayin Ma'aunin Matsalolin Ruwan Gida da Tasirin Turi akan saman Abincin Dabbobin a Yanayin Zazzabi guda.Gabaɗaya, Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta ba za su iya girma ba idan Aikin Ruwa ya yi ƙasa da 0.91.Idan Ayyukan Ruwa yana ƙasa da 0.80, Yawancin Molds ba za su iya girma ko ɗaya ba.
Yana da Muhimmanci Mahimmanci Don Sarrafa Danshi Na Samfur yayin Tsarin bushewar Abinci na Dabbobin.Misali, Lokacin da Danshi na Samfurin ya bushe daga 25% zuwa 10%, dole ne a kwashe 200kg na ruwa don samar da busasshen abinci 1000kg, kuma lokacin da aka bushe da zafi daga 25% zuwa 12%, dole ne a samar da 1000kg. Na bushewar Abinci Abinci Kawai Yana Bukatar Yashe 173kg Na Ruwa.Yawancin Abincin Dabbobi Ana Busassu A Masu Busar Da'ira.
03: Fa'idodin Abincin Dabbobin Dabbobin da aka Fita
Baya ga Fa'idodin Kyakkyawar Ƙarfafawa, Abincin Dabbobin Dabbobi shima yana da jerin sauran fa'idodi:
①Maɗaukakin Zazzaɓi, Babban Matsi, Babban Danshi da Tasirin Injini daban-daban a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Abinci na iya haɓaka Digiri na Gelatinization na sitaci a cikin Ciyar, Denature Protein ɗin da ke cikinsa, kuma yana lalata Lipase da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban ke samarwa a lokaci guda. Ka Sanya Fat Ya Kara Kwanciya.Yana Da Amfani Don Inganta Narkewar Dabbobi da Yawan Amfani da Abinci.
②Yawan Zazzabi Da Yawan Matsi Na Danyen Kayan Acikin Wurin Extrusion na Iya Kashe Daban-daban na ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da ke cikin ɗanyen kayan, Ta yadda Abincin zai iya Haɗu da Abubuwan Tsaftar Mahimmanci da Hana Cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda ke haifar da Ciyar da Abinci.
③ Extrusion da Puffing na Iya Samar da Kayayyakin Haɓaka Na Siffofin Daban-daban, Kamar Abincin Cat Ana iya Samar da su zuwa Siffar Kifi, Ana iya Samar da Abincin Kare zuwa Ƙananan Siffar Ƙashi, Wanda Zai Iya Inganta Sha'awar Dabbobin Cin Abinci.
④ Ana iya Inganta Narkewar Abinci Ta hanyar Tushewa, Kuma Za'a Iya Inganta Ƙashin Abinci Da Kamshin Abinci, Wanda Yana da Muhimmanci Musamman Ga Ƙarnuka Masu Ƙarni da Ƙwararru waɗanda har yanzu ba a bunƙasa gabobinsu na narkewa ba.
⑤Abin da ke cikin Ruwa na Busassun Ciyar da Pellet ɗin da aka Fitar da shi shine kawai 10% -12%, wanda za'a iya adana shi na dogon lokaci ba tare da haifar da kumburi ba.
04: Tasirin Fitarwa Akan Narkar da Abinci
Tsarin Fitar da Abincin Dabbobin Dabbobin Dabbobin Dabbobin Yana da Muhimmiyar Tasiri Akan Narkar da Sinadaran Sinadarai Daban-daban, Musamman Sitaci, Protein, Fat, da Vitamins.
Sitaci Yana Yin Gelatinization Karkashin Ayyukan Haɗuwa Na Babban Zazzabi, Babban Matsi, da Danshi A Lokacin Zazzaɓi da Extrusion.Takamaiman Tsari Shine Tauraron Dake Cikin Foda Ya Fara Shanye Ruwa Da Narke Daga Wurin Wuta, Kuma Ya Rasa Asalin Tsarin Crystal.A lokacin Tsarin Extrusion, Tare da Ci gaba da Ƙarfafa Danshi, Zazzabi, da Matsi, Tasirin Kumburi na Sitaci yana Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa, kuma zuwa wani lokaci, Sitaci Granules ya fara Rup, kuma a wannan lokaci, sitaci ya fara Gelatinize.Lokacin da aka fitar da kayan da aka fitar daga cikin mutu, saboda matsin lamba nan da nan ya ragu zuwa Matsin yanayi, Granules na sitaci ya fashe da ƙarfi, kuma matakin Gelatinization shima yana ƙaruwa sosai.Zazzabi da Matsi a cikin Tsarin Extrusion kai tsaye Yana shafar Digiri na Gelatinization na sitaci.Mercier et Al.(1975) An Sami Cewa Lokacin da Abubuwan Ruwa Ya Kasance 25%, Mafi Girman Zazzabi Na Masara Ya kasance 170-200oc.A cikin wannan kewayon, In vitro Digestibility na sitaci Bayan Gelatinization na iya kaiwa 80%.Idan aka kwatanta da Narkewa Kafin Faɗawa (18%) Ya Karu sosai Da 18%.Chiang et Al.(1977) An gano cewa Digiri na Gelatinization na sitaci ya karu tare da karuwar zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 65-110oc, Amma Digiri na Gelatinization na sitaci ya ragu tare da haɓaka saurin ciyarwa.
Tsarin Tumbura da Fitarwar Suma Yana da Babban Tasiri Akan Narkar da Protein, Kuma Gabaɗaya Tsarin shine Yin Canjin Protein A Hanyar da take Amfani da Narkewar Dabbobi.A Karkashin Ayyukan Na'urar Kwadi da Matsalolin Injini, An Hana Protein Don Samar da Granules, Kuma Ana Rage Solubility Ruwa.Mafi Girman Abun Protein, Ƙarar Ruwan Solubility Ragewa.
Gelatinization na sitaci shima yana da Muhimmiyar Tasiri akan Narkewar Ruwa na Protein.Gelatinized Starch Yana Samar da Tsarin Nade Nade Akewaye da Protein, wanda ke haifar da Rage Narkewar Ruwan Protein.
Bayan Fadada Protein, Shima Tsarinsa Yana Canjawa, Kuma Tsarinsa Na Quaternary Yana Rusashi Zuwa Babban Makarantun Koma Na Sakandare, Wanda Yakan Gajarta Lokacin Hawan Protein A Lokacin Narkewa.Koyaya, Glutamic Acid Ko Aspartic Acid A Cikin Protein Zai Amsa Da Lysine, Wanda ke Rage Yawan Amfani da Lysine.Ra'ayin Maillard Tsakanin Rukunin ε-Amino Na Amino Acids Da Sugars A Matsayin Mafi Girma Hakanan yana Rage Narkewar Sunadaran.Abubuwan da ke hana abinci mai gina jiki a cikin kayan danye, irin su Antitrypsin, suma suna lalata su idan sun zafi, wanda ke inganta Narkar da Protein ta Dabbobi daga wani bangare.
A Lokacin Gabaɗayan Tsarin Samarwa, Abubuwan da ke cikin Protein a cikin Abincin Ba Ya canzawa Ainihin, Kuma Ƙarfin Amino Acids Ba Ya Canza Muhimmanci.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-02-2023